Cetina River Sub-basin

1.	GENERAL INFORMATION	CETINA RIVER (sub-basin shared by Croatia and Bosnia & Herzegovina)
Cetina river sub-basin spreads over 2,310 km² in the Herzeg-Bosnia Canton (18.6% of the total Adriatic Sea catchment area of Bosnia-Herzegovina) and over 1,627 km² in Dalmatian Croatia. Part of the Cetina river basin encircles the western part of Bosnian karst valleys (Kupresko, Glamocko, Duvanjsko and Livanjsko). These valleys lie at 700 to 1,200 m above sea-level, so water from higher areas drains partly underground into lower valleys or directly into the sea. Due to interacting high-altitude relations, karst limestones and impermeable tertiary sediments in karst valleys are very strong water sources. Many water courses supplied from these sources are short and without surface recipient, they can continue in abysses and run into Cetina river. The river itself flows only on Croatian territory and enters the Adriatic Sea east of Split. When water inflows in valley surpass the abyss capacity, floods of valleys can develop and sometimes last up to 6 months. Today, after the construction of the Orlovac hydro-power plant system (located on Croatian side), west Bosnian water from the karst valleys is accumulated in Busko Blato reservoir (located on Bosnian side), from where the water goes via tunnel and after bilateral energetic use into Cetina river. Along the river, there are 3 reservoirs. The biggest settlement on Bosnian side of this area is Livno (34,000 inhabitants in 1998). Most settlements and industrial installations have no wastewater treatment and discharge their wastewater directly into rivers.

Croatia	Bosnia and Herzegovina
1.1. Geographical properties
Longitude/latitude at downstream river outlet
Town Omis, 43,44 N 16,68 E	The surface watercourse (Cetina river) flows only on Croatian territory
Size of basin
1,627 km²	2,130 km²
Length and width in km
90 km / 18 km	0 km/?
Topography, including altitude range in m
Karst fields (polje): Sinjsko, Cetinsko, Vrlicko, Hrvatacko, and canyons. Origin at 385 m a.s.l. Mouth in Omis, Adriatic sea.	700 to 1,200 m
Geology
Limestone covered with lake sediments, karst formation	Karst limestones and impermeable tertiary sediments in karst valleys
Rainfall, average annual and seasonal distribution, etc.
1,400 mm/y with spring and winter maxima Sub-Mediterranean climate	1,150-1,650 mm/y
River(s), with lengths and average annual flows and seasonal distribution - flood and drought incidence and impact
105 km Qavg = 99 m³/s Spring and winter maxima, frequent flooding of fields; no data on tributaries	The surface watercourse of Cetina river itself flows only on HR territory. Total length of surface watercourses (longer than 10 km) in BIH watershed part is 177 km.
1.2. Demographic properties
General location of the basin
Southern Croatia, area between Trogir and Makarska at the Adriatic coast and the B&H border	Part of the Cetina river basin encircles the western part of Bosnian karst valleys (Kupresko, Glamocko, Duvanjsko and Livanjsko).
Total population in basin
437,000 (with coastal settlements) 45,000 (settlements along the river)	There are no exact data
Population of principal cities or towns
Sinj 20,000 Omis (on the Adriatic coast) 16,000	Livno: 32,454 (estimation) Tomislavgrad: 27,754 (estimation)
Average per capita income
NA	US$ 1,900 (2002 est.)
Industrial and agricultural GDP (Gross Domestic Product) (2003)
3,000$/inh	1,263 USD (estimation 2001)
Population living below the poverty line
10% (Unemployed, victims of war)	15 %
Other relevant characteristics
Better economic situation in the coastal part of the basin. Big economic emigration to EU countries.	Highly karstic catchment – with boundary issues with Una and Vrbas Rivers.
1.3 LAND USES
Mountains: 40% Forest (typical Mediterranean): 55% Pasture: 15% Agriculture: 30% Irrigated lands (% of agriculture): 10%	Mountains: 70% Forest (typical Mediterranean): 35% Pasture: 25% Agriculture: 20% Irrigated lands (% of agriculture): 5%
Croatia	Bosnia and Herzegovina
2. WATER RESOURCES / USES AND ENVIRONMENT SITUATION
Total available surface and groundwater resources
Surface water: 1,13 m³/s Underground water: 11,1 m³/s	Groundwater sources yield min.dQ5: 1,500 l/s (in total for 7 selected sources).
Net usable capacity of surface reservoirs
3 surface reservoirs with total of 522 hm³ net usable capacity	Surface reservoires of plants Kablic, Strzanj, Vrilo and Busko blato (Orlovac) – total vol cca 870 hm³
Total surface water abstractions (estimated where not measured)
2 locations Installed capacity 1,130 l/s	N/A
Total groundwater abstractions (estimated where not measured)
17 locations Installed capacity 3,138 l/s	Ca. 300 l/s
Surface and groundwater quality (in general categories only)
Surface water quality I Underground water quality I	ground water quality I (no surface water)
Water uses (total, by sector, principal uses, current (estimated) and future (projected), include in-stream uses (fisheries, etc.) where appropriate)
5 HEPP with 635 m3/s installed flow 4 fish farms 9 locations for recreation 2 abstractions of mineral water 10 mills and saw mills	Orlovac hydro-power plant system (located in B&H): west Bosnian water from the karst valleys is accumulated at Busko Blato (located in B&H), from where the water goes via tunnel and after energetic use into Cetina river.
Deficits and other resource concerns (e.g. quality, extremes, environmental degradation)
Resources cover all needs regarding quality and quantity	The river itself flows only on Croatian territory and enters the Adriatic Sea east of Split. When water inflows in the valley surpass the abyss capacity, floods of valleys can develop and sometimes last up to 6 months
ENVIRONMENTAL PROPERTIES
Sensitive ecosystems, biodiversity and environmental impacts in the basin
• Heavily modified water body. • Some scientific groups and NGOs are concerned with the highway construction from Split to Dubrovnik. • Possible threat to river water quality is further development of agriculture and industry in large fields. Those activities ceased during the last ten years (transition, war).	• About 80% of people in B-H live in urban settlements; only about 50% are connected to public water supply and 35% to sewerage systems. 90% of urban sewage is directly discharged into the water courses. • Main pollution problem is sewage and untreated wastewater from municipalities and industries. However, since the end of war only few factories (mostly without treatment plants) produce again.
3. BASELINE INFORMATION AVAILABILITY
Croatia	Bosnia and Herzegovina
Observation networks
National monitoring network of surface water quality National hydrological network	• Federal Meteorological Institute implements monitoring on the territory of FB&H, while the Hydro-meteorological Institute does that in the Republic of Srpska. • Public companies for Watershed Areas organize monitoring of water courses.
Maps, with available scales, GIS and remote sensing imagery
No remote sensing imagery	N/A
Data archives and their adequacy
• Data archives at: Croatian Waters, State meteorological and hydrological service not publicly accessible. • Quality of data not verified but of limited use. Poor public data archives on hydrology, hydraulic, population, economy, planning. • Data is spread in various publications and records.	• Unclearness in legal articles, institutional, human resources and financial problems in the sector resulted, among others, in insufficiently developed, non-harmonized and non-systematic monitoring • There are 2 measuring points installed in the basin.
Research centres
Croatian waters' research laboratory Other contracted scientific institutions in Croatia	• Federal Meteorological Institute • Hydro-meteorological Institute of Republic of Srpska • Public companies for Watershed Areas
NAME AND CONTACT DETAILS OF PERSON(S) COMPLETING THIS FORM
Prof.dr.sc. Davor Malus Faculty of Civil Engineering Kaciceva 26 10000 Zagreb, Croatia mail: malus@grad.hr	Prof. Tarik Kupusovic Hydro-engineering Institute Sarajevo Stjepana Tomica 1, 71 000 Sarajevo, BIH Tel/fax:+ 387 33 207 949 E-mail: tarik.kupusovic@heis.com.ba heis@heis.com.ba URL: www.heis.com.ba

Croatia	Bosnia and Herzegovina
4. MANAGEMENT SETTING
4.1. International agreements / conventions and national legislation
"Agreement between the Governments of Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina on Water Management Issues" is the basic agreement (1996). It was signed by the Federation administration; Republic of Srpska did not ratify the agreement so it is not fully in power.
4.2. Institutions / distribution of responsibilities
According to the agreement, governmental commissions are established on both sides. Expert Sub commissions study different problems, prepare technical solutions and submit them to the commission for approval. State governments then verify final proposals, and then start realizing the project. The agreement requires all actions in the area of 10 km from each national border that can have adverse impact on watershed to be notified and approved from both sides. (10 km is no fixed distance). Principal focus themes are: • Hydro power utilization • Water supplying Issues concerning river basin management are not tackled yet.
	In both Federation of BiH and RS the agency with primary responsibility for the water sector is within their respective Ministry of Agriculture, Water management and Forestry (MoAWF). Within MoAWF, each entity has a Department of Water Management (in RS it is the Directorate for Water) responsible for the water strategy and policy, the issueing of agreements and permits, setting of standards and regulations; ensuring compliance with laws and regulations through licensing and inspections; and overall control of Public Companies for Watershed Areas.
4.3. Planning / Decision making processes
For the time being a master plan does not exist. Institutional arrangements do not exist, and the decision-making process is divided to each country.	Under the Water law (1998), in the Federation of BiH the MoAWF delegates the main responsibi-lity of preparation of strategic decision and planning to two Public Companies of Watershed Areas, one for the River Sava and the other the Adriatic Sea. Republic of Srpska has only single authority in charge for both main river basin districts. The new Law on Water Protection, based on EU WFD, calls for a river basin approach in water administration and establishes new bodies responsible for water protection based on river basins.
4.4. Finances
Any investment policies do not exist nor the management plans that policies would follow.	According to Water Law (1998), Article 168, financing of water management is based on the following principles: • Resources for financing water management are provided from general water fees, special water management fees, fees from concessions and funds provided by special law, as well as from other resources defined by this law; • General water fees; special water manage-ment fees and fees from concessions are to be used for all beneficiaries on the territory of the Federation and/or main watershed areas, unless otherwise defined.
4.5. Past and present major projects (including listing of donors’ interest)
Croatia	Bosnia and Herzegovina
The transboundary project for the Cetina river groundwater basin between HR and BiH, 2000 (Stability Pact and UNDP-GEF) has not been realized.
UNEP MAP, Priority Actions Plan (2000) River Cetina Watershed and the Adjacent Coastal Area – Environmental and Socio-economic Profile	EC (CARDS 2002) - Development of a national environmental monitoring system – started in September 2003
4.6. Stakeholder Participation
Stakeholder participation in Cetina river basin is rather poor. The most powerful group is HEP (Croatia's electro distribution) and NGO's from Dalmatia.	Stakeholder participation in the Cetina river basin is rather poor. Civil sector is still developing in BiH, but the NGO sector is a very active player in the environmental sector.
4.7. Awareness / Communication
The most crucial actions in the watershed were undertaken in the former Yugoslavia ignoring the public opinion. Today only the HR side shows some interest, as whole river course is in HR. At this moment the most positive role in awareness – raising and education has national TV with different contributions of journalists specialized in the field of environmental problems and also documentary (scientific) program (domestic and foreign).	Bosnia and Herzegovina has not signed the Aarhus Convention, but the Entities have laws on access-to-information, as one way for its implementation. At this moment the most positive role in awareness – raising and education is with different local and mass media.
5. CONCLUSIONS / RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1. Identification of critical problems (transboundary situation) - problems related to the resource - problems associated to uses, needs and demands - problems affecting ecosystems
Croatia	Bosnia and Herzegovina
The most critical problems are: • Regime of hydropower plant operation • Agricultural activities in big fields (Sinjsko, Cetinsko, Vrlicko, Hrvatacko) • New highway construction (bridge over Cetina) • Preserving the underground water quality.	The most critical problems are: • Wastewater generated by 90% of the population is discharged directly without any treatment into the closest water bodies or into karstic holes, which are connected to groundwater; • Water supply systems cannot meet the needs of the consumers during the dry season due to a combination of inadequate availability of water resources and inadequate capacity of the infrastructure; • Dumping sites where the waste is disposed are mostly placed near the river, and in most cases are used without special protective measures.
5.2. Main achievements
Completion of UNEP – MAP: River Cetina Watershed and the Adjacent Coastal Area – Environmental and Socio-economic Profile. Sewage system for Vrlika (2,7 Mio. EUR).	The current reforms of Water Sector in B&H. Project entitled "River Basin Management Program", launched in November 2003, and to be finished in 2005.
5.3. Key challenges
• Start projects with the B&H side. • Realization of RBM Plan • Stop the economic migration • Capacity building • Involvement of local communities • Mobilization of all kinds of capital for sui-table economic projects. • Building a strategy for stakeholder participation	• Establishment of a River Basin management approach • Drafting secondary legislation • Training of Staff of River Authorities • Drafting an appropriate financing model • Public participation strategy of River Auth.s for policy formulation, approval of policy documents and plans, implementation and monitoring • Introduction of GIS • Mapping of water bodies • Developing internet page dedicated for each river basin
5.4. Donor interests
Overall ability to mobilize domestic and private capital and ODA is poor, because the general strategy for RB development and management is missing.	Donor interests will largely depend on concrete results obtained through water sector reforms in BiH
5.5. Recommended priority actions
• Make agreement on water uses (hydro-power, water supply, and irrigation. • Preserve protected areas. • Investigate the basin (hydrogeology, hydrology, biology)	• Preparation of primary and secondary water-sector legislation • Establishment of a new organizational set-up of the water sector for the main managerial levels (State, Entity and River Basin) • Preparation of public participation programs; • Human capacity building • Preserve protected areas • Investigations in the basin (hydrogeology, hydrology, biology)
6. MAIN REFERENCES, BACKGROUND DOCUMENTS
Data from State Water Directorate, Croatian waters, Internet, private sources.	Data from HEIS documentation, Internet, private sources.